The procedure for excavation in rocks is different than excavation in ordinary soils. Hence, it is now extremely important to intensify research studies on the influence of large depths on the behaviour of rock mass and deformation of support in underground excavations. Hence, adopting a burstresistant rock support system is the utmost necessary to minimizecontrol the failure of underground excavations hoek et al. University of rizona mining and geological engineering rock excavation mne 415 515. A rockburst is a mininginduced seismic event that affects and cause destruction to excavations in the rock 2. Contractor shall consider reuse of excavated materials on. Hoek,brown underground excavation in rock free ebook download as pdf file. Stability analysis and modelling of underground excavations in fractured rocks. These support systems should be matched to the characterstics of the.
Institution of mining amd metallurgy, 1980, 527p a comprehensive introduction to the subject covering all types of urdergroumd excavations rock types. The safe and economical construction of tunnels, mines, and other subterranean works depends on the correct choice of support systems to ensure that the excavations are stable. These papers offer global examples of practical applications of excavations, especially in china. Rock mass classifications such as the rmr bieniawski, 1974 were developed to facilitate fast and inexpensive characterization of rock masses. One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings, or working conditions which are unsanitary. Note the fxx is used for the ordinate of a pdf while fxx is used for a cdf.
This book deals with the geotechnical aspects of the design of underground openings for mining and civil engineering purposes. Tm 58573 design of underground installations in rock. Classification of rock masses introduction terzaghi s rock load classification classi fications by stini and lauffer oeeres rock qua lity designation rqo. Tunnels and underground excavations, horizontal underground passageway produced by excavation or occasionally by natures action in dissolving a soluble rock, such as limestone. It is vital to differentiate between seismic event and rockburst. Srk assessed measures to mitigate the failure of slopes and underground excavations, including using rockfill to minimise underground voids, and leaving stabilising pillars within the orebody. Sc eng principal, golder associates, excavations 224 west 8th avenue, vancouver vsy in5, canada e. The foregoing discussion assumes that such damage is omnipresent in underground excavations and explains the possible impact on ultimate stability. Click download or read online button to get underground excavations in rock book now. In this paper we will discuss the nature of residual tensile capacity in jointed or fractured rock masses comparing its capacity to that of economical engineered support systems. Hoek,brown underground excavation in rock free download pdf. Underground excavations in rock evert hoek, ted brown. An underground opening in a shallow rock mass was modeled to determine the difference in behavior expected when the rock mass rating rmr classification of the rock mass varies.
Types of underground excavation underground excavation design 3 bibl iography on underground excavations chapter 1 references chapter 2. Underground excavations and tunnelling involve the removal of soil or rock masses from their initial locations. Click download or read online button to get support of underground excavations in hard rock book now. E hoek underground excavations in rock deals with the geotechnical aspects of the design of underground openings for mining and civil engineering processes. Jian zhao provides practical solutions to the challenge of modeling and analyzing rock masses consolidates a wealth of previously published technical papers on the subject and introduces previously unseen. Tensile strength and abutment relaxation as failure.
It contains a number of worked examples to assist the reader in applying the techniques described to his or her own problems. Conclusions were reached concerning the risk and scale of slope failure resulting from the underground pit wall stress interactions. The underground support structures are installed from within the shafts, tunnels and caverns as excavation progresses. Underground excavations in rock deals with the geotechnical aspects of the design of underground openings for mining and civil engineering processes. Tunnelling and underground construction technology scaling scaling is necessary in order to bring down potentially unstable blocks of rock around the contour. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Support of underground excavations in hard rock john cogan. The rock anchors and rock bolts are required for the temporary support of the excavations and will remain in the ground, but are not relied upon for permanent support. Support of underground excavations in hard rock crc. Download pdf surface and underground excavations 2nd. Any manmade cut, cavity, trench, or depression in an earth surface, formed by earth removal. A seismic event does not necessarily cause damage in openings, while a rockburst. The geological strength index gsi is a system of rock mass characterization that has been developed in engineering rock mechanics to meet the need for reliable input data related to rock mass properties required as input for numerical analysis or closedform solutions for designing tunnels, slopes, or foundations in rocks. Download support of underground excavations in hard rock or read online books in pdf, epub, tuebl, and mobi format.
These papers analyze deep excavations and retaining structures, tunnels and underground excavations, and new frontiers in urban geotechnology. Underground excavations and tunnelling springerlink. While the excavation is open, underground installations shall be protected, supported or removed as necessary to safeguard contract workers. Underground excavations in rock by evert hoek, 9780419160304, available at book depository with free delivery worldwide. Chapter topics include risk assessment in design, evaluation of engineering geological data, rock mass classification, support design for overstressed rock, progressive spalling in massive brittle rock, rock bolts and. Knowledge of the magnitudes and directions of these in situ and induced stresses is an essential component of underground excavation design since, in many cases, the strength of the rock is exceeded and the resulting instability can have serious consequences on the behaviour of the excavations. This report describes an empirical constitutive model for underground excavations in rock which equates the deformation modulus to the ratio of the deviator stress to axial strain. Surface and underground excavations 2nd edition download surface and underground excavations 2nd edition ebook pdf or read online books in pdf, epub, and mobi format. Design, excavation and maintenance of mining roadways at the depth of 1,000 m have, therefore, become crucial issues in a practical perspective in recent years. Upon completion of the course, students will be able to.
Access and egress means of egress from trench excavations a stairway, ladder, ramp or other safe means of egress shall be located in trench excavations that are 4 feet or more in depth so as to require. Evaluating pit wall stability, ok tedi rock engineering. Support of underground excavations in hard rock civil. If the inline pdf is not rendering correctly, you can download the pdf file here. Hoek,brown underground excavation in rock mining tunnel.
It requires skilled manpower and specialized tools and equipments for excavating the rocky ground. Support of underground excavations in hard rock download. Download support of underground excavations in hard rock. Instability is always a concern in underground excavations. Review on rockburst theory and types of rock support in. Design principles of rock support for underground excavations.
It is also important for cleaning and preparing the rock surface for shotcrete andor rock bolts due to its danger, workers safety must be very well taken into account. Bawden the safe and economical construction of tunnels, mines, and other subterranean works depends on the correct choice of support systems to ensure that the excavations are stable. Underground excavations in rock 1st edition evert hoek. Find all the books, read about the author, and more. Click download or read online button to surface and underground excavations 2nd edition book pdf for free now. The stability of an under ground opening, such as a tunnel, cavern or mine stope, is mainly governed by three factors. John cogan morrison knudsen corporation, one market plaza, stewart tower, suite 400, san francisco, ca 94105. Hoek and others published support of underground excavation in hard rock find, read and cite all the research.
Support of underground excavations in hard rock is the most complete and. Support of underground excavations in hard rock mirarco. These support systems should be matched to the characterstics of the rock mass and the excavation techniques adopted. Cut rock to form level bearing at bottom of footing and trench excavations. Excavation in rock requiring drilling and blasting shall be done under coordination of competent and responsible supervision. The book support of underground excavations in hard rock testifies to the willingness of canadian industries and universities to collaborate in the field of precompetitive research and learning, to jointly pursue excellence, and to work together towards the economic and social betterment of our society. Underground excavations in rock download ebook pdf, epub. The model requires failure criteria which define both the deviator stress at failure and strain at failure. References to material in other manuals of this series 1 b. University of rizona mining and geological engineering. Remove shaled layers to provide sound and unshattered base for footings or foundations.
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